Manila

Manila, Philippines, scores 61 on the CIRA Index of tourism resilience, #128 of 309 destinations. 27 of 29 measures come from public sources, with 73% confidence. Every grade below states its value, period and source.

Scores by each organisation's criteria

• CIRA Index: 61
• OECD: 56
• UN Tourism: 58
• UNDRR: 46

Strongest

• Short-let density: 0.3 short-term rental listings per 100 dwellings (Airbtics / Philippine Statistics Authority 2020 CPH, 2026). At or below 0.5: grade 4/4.
• Rent growth: 0.5 % change in rents over the last 12 months (metro figure) (Colliers International Philippines / Global Property Guide, 2024). At or below 3: grade 4/4.
• Domestic share of nights: 71.4 % of nights by residents of the same country (Department of Tourism Philippines, Regional Distribution of Overnight Travelers 2023, 2023). At or above 45: grade 4/4.

Weakest

• Income per head: 12,577 GDP per capita, USD PPP (country figure) (World Bank WDI, 2025). Below 15,000: grade 0/4.
• Jobs in tourism industries: 22.2 % of employment in accommodation and food services (country figure) (World Economic Forum, TTDI 2026 (data: Travel & Tourism Economic Impact Research by World Travel & Tourism Council; Travel & Tourism by World Travel & Tourism Council), 2026). Above 22: grade 0/4.
• Recovery against 2019: 71.9 % of 2019 visitor nights reached in the latest full year (country figure) (Philippine News Agency / Department of Tourism (DOT), 2024). Below 80: grade 0/4.

Philippines in the World Economic Forum Travel & Tourism Development Index

Philippines is #57 of 110 countries (4.08 of 7) in the WEF Travel & Tourism Development Index 2026, which scores countries, not cities. Cities in countries with that WEF score average 59 on the CIRA Index; Manila is 2 above that.

Every measure, by theme

Demand and seasonality: 67

• Nights in the three busiest months: 29 % of annual nights (country figure) (World Economic Forum, TTDI 2026 (data: UN Tourism by United Nations World Tourism Organization), 2023, 2024 moving average). At or below 30: grade 4/4. Source
• Domestic share of nights: 71.4 % of nights by residents of the same country (Department of Tourism Philippines, Regional Distribution of Overnight Travelers 2023, 2023). At or above 45: grade 4/4. Source
• Largest foreign market: 26.5 % of international arrivals or nights (country figure) (Philippine Information Agency / Department of Tourism, 2024). Between 20 and 30: grade 2/4. Source
• Recovery against 2019: 71.9 % of 2019 visitor nights reached in the latest full year (country figure) (Philippine News Agency / Department of Tourism (DOT), 2024). Below 80: grade 0/4. Source
• Average length of stay: 11 nights per visitor (country figure) (Philippine Department of Tourism / Philippine News Agency, 'PH tourism did 'exceptionally well' with record-high 2024 receipt', 2024). At or above 3.5: grade 4/4. Source
• Hotel bed or room occupancy: 64 % average annual occupancy (metro figure) (Colliers Philippines / Hospitality News Philippines, 'Metro Hotel Occupancy remains stable at 64 percent', H1 2025). Between 55 and 65: grade 2/4. Source

Economy and jobs: 33

• Jobs in tourism industries: 22.2 % of employment in accommodation and food services (country figure) (World Economic Forum, TTDI 2026 (data: Travel & Tourism Economic Impact Research by World Travel & Tourism Council; Travel & Tourism by World Travel & Tourism Council), 2026). Above 22: grade 0/4. Source
• Unemployment rate: 2.2 % of the labour force (country figure) (World Bank WDI, 2025). At or below 5: grade 4/4. Source
• Income per head: 12,577 GDP per capita, USD PPP (country figure) (World Bank WDI, 2025). Below 15,000: grade 0/4. Source
• Economic diversity: not measured yet

Climate and hazards: 25

• Extreme heat days: 22.4 days a year at or above 35°C (last 5 full years) (ERA5 reanalysis via Open-Meteo, 2021–2025). Between 15 and 30: grade 2/4. Source
• Tropical nights: 365.2 nights a year with a minimum at or above 20°C (last 5 full years) (ERA5 reanalysis via Open-Meteo, 2021–2025). Above 100: grade 0/4. Source
• Flood hazard: high (region figure) (World Bank GFDRR ThinkHazard, current (retrieved 2026)). Grade 1/4. Source
• Wildfire and storm hazard: high (region figure) (World Bank GFDRR ThinkHazard, current (retrieved 2026)). Grade 1/4. Source
• Country disaster risk: 5.3 INFORM Risk index, 0–10 (country figure) (INFORM Risk (European Commission JRC), INFORM Risk Mid 2026, 2026). Between 5 and 6.5: grade 1/4. Source

Water and environment: 44

• Water scarcity: low (region figure) (World Bank GFDRR ThinkHazard, current (retrieved 2026)). Grade 3/4. Source
• Wastewater safely treated: 52.4 % of domestic wastewater safely treated (country figure) (UN Statistics Division - SDG Country Profiles, 2024). Between 50 and 70: grade 1/4. Source
• Municipal waste per resident: 365 kg per resident per year (metro figure) (Environmental Management Bureau (EMB-DENR), National Solid Waste Management Status Report [2008-2018], 2018). Between 350 and 450: grade 3/4. Source
• Green space: 6 % of the urban area that is green or tree-covered (metro figure) (DENR Forest Management Bureau / Philippine News Agency, 2024). Below 10: grade 0/4. Source

Community and housing: 100

• Tourism intensity: 1.3 visitor nights per resident per year (metro figure) (Philippine Information Agency / Department of Tourism National Capital Region (DOT-NCR) and Philippine Statistics Authority (PSA), 2023). At or below 5: grade 4/4. Source
• Cruise pressure: not measured yet
• Rent growth: 0.5 % change in rents over the last 12 months (metro figure) (Colliers International Philippines / Global Property Guide, 2024). At or below 3: grade 4/4. Source
• Short-let density: 0.3 short-term rental listings per 100 dwellings (Airbtics / Philippine Statistics Authority 2020 CPH, 2026). At or below 0.5: grade 4/4. Source
• Resident support for tourism: not measured yet

Access and continuity: 67

• Access redundancy: 3 independent ways in: international airport, intercity rail, port, motorway (metro figure) (Department of Transportation / Philippine Ports Authority / Manila International Airport Authority, 2024). Between 3 and 4: grade 3/4. Source
• Air traffic recovery: not measured yet
• Rail share of intercity access: not measured yet
• Rail traffic recovery: not measured yet
• Largest airline group share: not measured yet
• Air route concentration: not measured yet
• Early warning and emergency plan: An updated city plan with public early warning for heat, flood or fire (City Government of Manila Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Office, 2021–2028). Grade 3/4. Source
• Tourism crisis and recovery plan: A written destination crisis plan (Department of Tourism (DOT), 2023–2028). Grade 2/4. Source
• Government effectiveness: 55.2 World Bank WGI percentile rank, 0–100 (country figure) (World Bank Worldwide Governance Indicators, 2025). Between 40 and 60: grade 2/4. Source
• Travel advisory: 2 stricter of the US and Canadian government advisory for the country, 1 (normal precautions) to 4 (do not travel) (country figure) (US State Department and Government of Canada travel advisories, 2026-09-29). Between 1 and 2: grade 3/4. Source
• Dedicated tourism funding: A dedicated source partly ring-fenced for residents, infrastructure or sustainability (Supreme Court E-Library / Republic Act No. 9593 (Tourism Act of 2009), 2024). Grade 3/4. Source

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