Which cities can take a shock?

The CIRA Index scores 309 tourism destinations on how they would hold up when the next heatwave, flood, pandemic or airline collapse hits, from public sources, with the reason behind every number.

  1. #1 Busan, South Korea: 86 (WEF #12)
  2. #2 Singapore, Singapore: 85 (WEF #13)
  3. #2 Stockholm, Sweden: 85 (WEF #18)
  4. #4 Edinburgh, United Kingdom: 82 (WEF #7)
  5. #5 Tokyo, Japan: 81 (WEF #1)
  6. #5 Toronto, Canada: 81 (WEF #14)
  7. #7 New York, United States: 80 (WEF #2)
  8. #7 Oslo, Norway: 80
  9. #9 Fukuoka, Japan: 79 (WEF #1)
  10. #10 Brisbane, Australia: 78 (WEF #4)
  11. #10 Hamburg, Germany: 78 (WEF #6)
  12. #10 Vancouver, Canada: 78 (WEF #14)
  13. #13 Dublin, Ireland: 77 (WEF #20)
  14. #13 London, United Kingdom: 77 (WEF #7)
  15. #13 Miami, United States: 77 (WEF #2)
  16. #16 Perth, Australia: 76 (WEF #4)
  17. #17 Boston, United States: 75 (WEF #2)
  18. #17 Kobe, Japan: 75 (WEF #1)
  19. #17 Montreal, Canada: 75 (WEF #14)
  20. #17 Ottawa, Canada: 75 (WEF #14)
  21. #17 Seoul, South Korea: 75 (WEF #12)
  22. #17 Sydney, Australia: 75 (WEF #4)
  23. #23 Berlin, Germany: 74 (WEF #6)
  24. #23 Los Angeles, United States: 74 (WEF #2)
  25. #23 Munich, Germany: 74 (WEF #6)
  26. #23 Prague, Czech Republic: 74 (WEF #37)
  27. #23 Vienna, Austria: 74 (WEF #15)
  28. #28 Osaka, Japan: 73 (WEF #1)
  29. #28 Riga, Latvia: 73 (WEF #67)
  30. #28 Seattle, United States: 73 (WEF #2)
  31. #28 Shanghai, China: 73 (WEF #8)
  32. #28 Yokohama, Japan: 73 (WEF #1)
  33. #28 Zurich, Switzerland: 73 (WEF #9)
  34. #34 Auckland, New Zealand: 72 (WEF #25)
  35. #34 Budapest, Hungary: 72 (WEF #42)
  36. #34 Daegu, South Korea: 72 (WEF #12)
  37. #34 Nagoya, Japan: 72 (WEF #1)
  38. #34 Shenzhen, China: 72 (WEF #8)
  39. #34 Tallinn, Estonia: 72 (WEF #44)
  40. #40 Belo Horizonte, Brazil: 71 (WEF #32)
  41. #40 Canberra, Australia: 71 (WEF #4)
  42. #40 Copenhagen, Denmark: 71 (WEF #16)
  43. #40 George Town, Malaysia: 71 (WEF #26)
  44. #40 Helsinki, Finland: 71 (WEF #19)
  45. #40 Incheon, South Korea: 71 (WEF #12)
  46. #40 Kraków, Poland: 71 (WEF #28)
  47. #40 Kyoto, Japan: 71 (WEF #1)
  48. #40 Madrid, Spain: 71 (WEF #3)
  49. #40 Montevideo, Uruguay: 71 (WEF #71)
  50. #40 Nairobi, Kenya: 71 (WEF #77)
  51. #40 New Orleans, United States: 71 (WEF #2)
  52. #40 San Francisco, United States: 71 (WEF #2)
  53. #40 Taichung, Taiwan: 71
  54. #40 Warsaw, Poland: 71 (WEF #28)
  55. #40 Washington, United States: 71 (WEF #2)
  56. #40 Xi'an, China: 71 (WEF #8)
  57. #57 Beijing, China: 70 (WEF #8)
  58. #57 Brussels, Belgium: 70 (WEF #24)
  59. #57 Chengdu, China: 70 (WEF #8)
  60. #57 Melbourne, Australia: 70 (WEF #4)
  61. #57 Orlando, United States: 70 (WEF #2)
  62. #57 Paris, France: 70 (WEF #5)
  63. #57 Reykjavík, Iceland: 70 (WEF #34)
  64. #57 Sapporo, Japan: 70 (WEF #1)
  65. #57 Zaragoza, Spain: 70 (WEF #3)
  66. #66 Bucharest, Romania: 69 (WEF #43)
  67. #66 Chicago, United States: 69 (WEF #2)
  68. #66 Colombo, Sri Lanka: 69 (WEF #69)
  69. #66 Curitiba, Brazil: 69 (WEF #32)
  70. #66 Hong Kong, Hong Kong: 69
  71. #66 Johor Bahru, Malaysia: 69 (WEF #26)
  72. #66 Lima, Peru: 69 (WEF #64)
  73. #66 São Paulo, Brazil: 69 (WEF #32)
  74. #66 Tainan, Taiwan: 69
  75. #66 Vilnius, Lithuania: 69 (WEF #49)
  76. #76 Chongqing, China: 68 (WEF #8)
  77. #76 Guangzhou, China: 68 (WEF #8)
  78. #76 Harare, Zimbabwe: 68 (WEF #101)
  79. #76 Milan, Italy: 68 (WEF #10)
  80. #76 Pattaya, Thailand: 68 (WEF #38)
  81. #76 Porto, Portugal: 68 (WEF #11)
  82. #76 Pretoria, South Africa: 68 (WEF #61)
  83. #76 Tbilisi, Georgia: 68 (WEF #40)
  84. #84 Almaty, Kazakhstan: 67 (WEF #56)
  85. #84 Amsterdam, Netherlands: 67 (WEF #17)
  86. #84 Ekurhuleni, South Africa: 67 (WEF #61)
  87. #84 Houston, United States: 67 (WEF #2)
  88. #84 Johannesburg, South Africa: 67 (WEF #61)
  89. #84 Santiago de Compostela, Spain: 67 (WEF #3)
  90. #84 Suzhou, China: 67 (WEF #8)
  91. #84 Valencia, Spain: 67 (WEF #3)
  92. #92 A Coruña, Spain: 66 (WEF #3)
  93. #92 Cancún, Mexico: 66 (WEF #41)
  94. #92 Durban, South Africa: 66 (WEF #61)
  95. #92 Philadelphia, United States: 66 (WEF #2)
  96. #92 Surat, India: 66 (WEF #31)
  97. #97 Barcelona, Spain: 65 (WEF #3)
  98. #97 Frankfurt, Germany: 65 (WEF #6)
  99. #97 Honolulu, United States: 65 (WEF #2)
  100. #97 Palembang, Indonesia: 65 (WEF #23)
  101. #97 Santiago, Chile: 65 (WEF #35)
  102. #97 Taoyuan, Taiwan: 65
  103. #97 Tianjin, China: 65 (WEF #8)
  104. #97 Zhuhai, China: 65 (WEF #8)
  105. #105 Bilbao, Spain: 64 (WEF #3)
  106. #105 Bratislava, Slovakia: 64 (WEF #60)
  107. #105 Haiphong, Vietnam: 64 (WEF #52)
  108. #105 Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam: 64 (WEF #52)
  109. #105 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia: 64 (WEF #26)
  110. #105 San Sebastián, Spain: 64 (WEF #3)
  111. #105 Taipei, Taiwan: 64
  112. #112 Antananarivo, Madagascar: 63
  113. #112 Athens, Greece: 63 (WEF #21)
  114. #112 Libreville, Gabon: 63
  115. #112 Phoenix, United States: 63 (WEF #2)
  116. #112 Quito, Ecuador: 63 (WEF #80)
  117. #112 Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia: 63 (WEF #79)
  118. #118 Bengaluru, India: 62 (WEF #31)
  119. #118 Cần Thơ, Vietnam: 62 (WEF #52)
  120. #118 Conakry, Guinea: 62
  121. #118 Freetown, Sierra Leone: 62 (WEF #109)
  122. #118 Hanoi, Vietnam: 62 (WEF #52)
  123. #118 León, Mexico: 62 (WEF #41)
  124. #118 Lusaka, Zambia: 62 (WEF #96)
  125. #118 Mumbai, India: 62 (WEF #31)
  126. #118 Nice, France: 62 (WEF #5)
  127. #118 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain: 62 (WEF #3)
  128. #128 Belgrade, Serbia: 61 (WEF #68)
  129. #128 Brasília, Brazil: 61 (WEF #32)
  130. #128 Davao City, Philippines: 61 (WEF #57)
  131. #128 Denpasar, Indonesia: 61 (WEF #23)
  132. #128 Guayaquil, Ecuador: 61 (WEF #80)
  133. #128 İzmir, Turkey: 61 (WEF #36)
  134. #128 La Paz, Bolivia: 61 (WEF #92)
  135. #128 Lisbon, Portugal: 61 (WEF #11)
  136. #128 Manaus, Brazil: 61 (WEF #32)
  137. #128 Manila, Philippines: 61 (WEF #57)
  138. #128 Phnom Penh, Cambodia: 61
  139. #128 Zhengzhou, China: 61 (WEF #8)
  140. #140 Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates: 60 (WEF #22)
  141. #140 Baku, Azerbaijan: 60 (WEF #58)
  142. #140 Bangkok, Thailand: 60 (WEF #38)
  143. #140 Bogotá, Colombia: 60 (WEF #54)
  144. #140 Cali, Colombia: 60 (WEF #54)
  145. #140 Dar es Salaam, Tanzania: 60 (WEF #74)
  146. #140 Doha, Qatar: 60 (WEF #47)
  147. #140 Dubai, United Arab Emirates: 60 (WEF #22)
  148. #140 Guatemala City, Guatemala: 60 (WEF #94)
  149. #140 Heraklion, Greece: 60 (WEF #21)
  150. #140 Jeddah, Saudi Arabia: 60 (WEF #29)
  151. #140 Jerusalem, Israel: 60 (WEF #50)
  152. #140 Mecca, Saudi Arabia: 60 (WEF #29)
  153. #140 Medellín, Colombia: 60 (WEF #54)
  154. #140 Muscat, Oman: 60 (WEF #62)
  155. #140 Sharjah, United Arab Emirates: 60 (WEF #22)
  156. #140 Tel Aviv, Israel: 60 (WEF #50)
  157. #157 Asunción, Paraguay: 59 (WEF #85)
  158. #157 Bandung, Indonesia: 59 (WEF #23)
  159. #157 Chiang Mai, Thailand: 59 (WEF #38)
  160. #157 Hurghada, Egypt: 59 (WEF #63)
  161. #157 Las Vegas, United States: 59 (WEF #2)
  162. #157 Málaga, Spain: 59 (WEF #3)
  163. #157 Riyadh, Saudi Arabia: 59 (WEF #29)
  164. #157 Salvador, Brazil: 59 (WEF #32)
  165. #157 Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Bolivia: 59 (WEF #92)
  166. #157 Semarang, Indonesia: 59 (WEF #23)
  167. #157 Tegucigalpa, Honduras: 59 (WEF #103)
  168. #168 Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire: 58 (WEF #102)
  169. #168 Agra, India: 58 (WEF #31)
  170. #168 Florence, Italy: 58 (WEF #10)
  171. #168 Granada, Spain: 58 (WEF #3)
  172. #168 Jakarta, Indonesia: 58 (WEF #23)
  173. #168 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain: 58 (WEF #3)
  174. #168 Medan, Indonesia: 58 (WEF #23)
  175. #168 Panama City, Panama: 58 (WEF #65)
  176. #168 Rome, Italy: 58 (WEF #10)
  177. #168 San Juan, Puerto Rico: 58
  178. #168 Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic: 58 (WEF #66)
  179. #168 Seville, Spain: 58 (WEF #3)
  180. #168 Sofia, Bulgaria: 58 (WEF #39)
  181. #168 Tijuana, Mexico: 58 (WEF #41)
  182. #168 Yerevan, Armenia: 58 (WEF #72)
  183. #168 Zagreb, Croatia: 58 (WEF #46)
  184. #184 Accra, Ghana: 57 (WEF #97)
  185. #184 Ahmedabad, India: 57 (WEF #31)
  186. #184 Alicante, Spain: 57 (WEF #3)
  187. #184 Cape Town, South Africa: 57 (WEF #61)
  188. #184 Chișinău, Moldova: 57
  189. #184 Córdoba, Spain: 57 (WEF #3)
  190. #184 Fortaleza, Brazil: 57 (WEF #32)
  191. #184 Havana, Cuba: 57
  192. #184 Malé, Maldives: 57
  193. #184 Mexico City, Mexico: 57 (WEF #41)
  194. #184 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: 57 (WEF #32)
  195. #184 Split, Croatia: 57 (WEF #46)
  196. #184 Windhoek, Namibia: 57 (WEF #90)
  197. #184 Yaoundé, Cameroon: 57 (WEF #108)
  198. #198 Cairo, Egypt: 56 (WEF #63)
  199. #198 Cartagena, Colombia: 56 (WEF #54)
  200. #198 Da Nang, Vietnam: 56 (WEF #52)
  201. #198 Istanbul, Turkey: 56 (WEF #36)
  202. #198 Jaipur, India: 56 (WEF #31)
  203. #198 Kigali, Rwanda: 56 (WEF #91)
  204. #198 Kuwait City, Kuwait: 56 (WEF #88)
  205. #198 Marbella, Spain: 56 (WEF #3)
  206. #198 Medina, Saudi Arabia: 56 (WEF #29)
  207. #198 Pune, India: 56 (WEF #31)
  208. #208 Chennai, India: 55 (WEF #31)
  209. #208 Chittagong, Bangladesh: 55 (WEF #98)
  210. #208 Córdoba, Argentina: 55 (WEF #48)
  211. #208 Cotonou, Benin: 55 (WEF #106)
  212. #208 Delhi, India: 55 (WEF #31)
  213. #208 Rabat, Morocco: 55 (WEF #70)
  214. #214 Amman, Jordan: 54 (WEF #73)
  215. #214 Buenos Aires, Argentina: 54 (WEF #48)
  216. #214 Casablanca, Morocco: 54 (WEF #70)
  217. #214 Goa, India: 54 (WEF #31)
  218. #214 Higüey, Dominican Republic: 54 (WEF #66)
  219. #214 Lilongwe, Malawi: 54 (WEF #107)
  220. #214 Palma, Spain: 54 (WEF #3)
  221. #214 Venice, Italy: 54 (WEF #10)
  222. #222 Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: 53
  223. #222 Ankara, Turkey: 53 (WEF #36)
  224. #222 Ciudad Juárez, Mexico: 53 (WEF #41)
  225. #222 Dhaka, Bangladesh: 53 (WEF #98)
  226. #226 Astana, Kazakhstan: 52 (WEF #56)
  227. #226 Hyderabad, India: 52 (WEF #31)
  228. #226 Marrakesh, Morocco: 52 (WEF #70)
  229. #226 Monrovia, Liberia: 52
  230. #226 Panaji, India: 52 (WEF #31)
  231. #226 Tunis, Tunisia: 52 (WEF #82)
  232. #232 Benidorm, Spain: 51 (WEF #3)
  233. #232 Surabaya, Indonesia: 51 (WEF #23)
  234. #234 Adana, Turkey: 50 (WEF #36)
  235. #234 Bursa, Turkey: 50 (WEF #36)
  236. #234 Djibouti, Djibouti: 50
  237. #234 Dushanbe, Tajikistan: 50
  238. #234 Kanpur, India: 50 (WEF #31)
  239. #234 Kingston, Jamaica: 50 (WEF #78)
  240. #234 Konya, Turkey: 50 (WEF #36)
  241. #234 Rhodes, Greece: 50 (WEF #21)
  242. #242 Dakar, Senegal: 49 (WEF #99)
  243. #242 Douala, Cameroon: 49 (WEF #108)
  244. #242 Macau, Macau: 49
  245. #245 Alexandria, Egypt: 48 (WEF #63)
  246. #245 Maputo, Mozambique: 48
  247. #245 Tashkent, Uzbekistan: 48 (WEF #76)
  248. #248 Antalya, Turkey: 47 (WEF #36)
  249. #248 Dubrovnik, Croatia: 47 (WEF #46)
  250. #248 Gujranwala, Pakistan: 47 (WEF #95)
  251. #248 Kumasi, Ghana: 47 (WEF #97)
  252. #248 Lagos, Nigeria: 47 (WEF #104)
  253. #248 Lomé, Togo: 47
  254. #248 Rawalpindi, Pakistan: 47 (WEF #95)
  255. #255 Asmara, Eritrea: 46
  256. #255 Gazipur, Bangladesh: 46 (WEF #98)
  257. #255 Managua, Nicaragua: 46 (WEF #100)
  258. #255 Peshawar, Pakistan: 46 (WEF #95)
  259. #259 Abuja, Nigeria: 45 (WEF #104)
  260. #259 Algiers, Algeria: 45 (WEF #89)
  261. #259 Depok, Indonesia: 45 (WEF #23)
  262. #259 Karachi, Pakistan: 45 (WEF #95)
  263. #259 Phuket, Thailand: 45 (WEF #38)
  264. #264 Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan: 44 (WEF #93)
  265. #264 Faisalabad, Pakistan: 44 (WEF #95)
  266. #264 Şanlıurfa, Turkey: 44 (WEF #36)
  267. #264 Siem Reap, Cambodia: 44
  268. #268 Benin City, Nigeria: 42 (WEF #104)
  269. #268 Luanda, Angola: 42 (WEF #105)
  270. #270 Lahore, Pakistan: 41 (WEF #95)
  271. #270 Nouakchott, Mauritania: 41
  272. #272 Baghdad, Iraq: 40
  273. #272 Bamako, Mali: 40 (WEF #110)
  274. #272 Caracas, Venezuela: 40
  275. #272 Kabul, Afghanistan: 40
  276. #272 Kampala, Uganda: 40
  277. #272 Kano, Nigeria: 40 (WEF #104)
  278. #272 Kyiv, Ukraine: 40
  279. #272 Lubumbashi, DR Congo: 40
  280. #272 Maracaibo, Venezuela: 40
  281. #272 Minsk, Belarus: 40
  282. #272 Moscow, Russia: 40
  283. #272 Naypyidaw, Myanmar: 40
  284. #272 Novosibirsk, Russia: 40
  285. #272 Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso: 40
  286. #272 Saint Petersburg, Russia: 40
  287. #272 Tripoli, Libya: 40
  288. #272 Yangon, Myanmar: 40
  289. #289 Bangui, Central African Republic: 39
  290. #289 Ibadan, Nigeria: 39 (WEF #104)
  291. #289 Mogadishu, Somalia: 39
  292. #292 Garoua, Cameroon: 38 (WEF #108)
  293. #293 Port Harcourt, Nigeria: 37 (WEF #104)
  294. #294 Kinshasa, DR Congo: 35
  295. #295 Niamey, Niger: 33
  296. #295 Sanaa, Yemen: 33
  297. #295 Tehran, Iran: 33
  298. #298 Isfahan, Iran: 32
  299. #299 N'Djamena, Chad: 30
  300. #300 Aden, Yemen: 27
  301. #300 Mbuji-Mayi, DR Congo: 27
  302. #302 Beirut, Lebanon: 26
  303. #302 Damascus, Syria: 26
  304. #302 Juba, South Sudan: 26
  305. #305 Kananga, DR Congo: 25
  306. #305 Mosul, Iraq: 25
  307. #307 Aleppo, Syria: 22
  308. #307 Port-au-Prince, Haiti: 22
  309. #309 Khartoum, Sudan: 20

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