Milan

Milan, Italy, scores 68 on the CIRA Index of tourism resilience, #76 of 309 destinations. 27 of 29 measures come from public sources, with 86% confidence. Every grade below states its value, period and source.

Scores by each organisation's criteria

CIRA Index: 68
OECD: 69
UN Tourism: 69
UNDRR: 69

Strongest

Largest foreign market: 9.5 % of international arrivals or nights (Assolombarda, Osservatorio Turismo 2025 (su dati Questura di Milano), 2024). At or below 15: grade 4/4.
Recovery against 2019: 112.8 % of 2019 visitor nights reached in the latest full year (Istat, '2024: nuovo anno record per il turismo in Italia' & 'Movimento dei clienti negli esercizi ricettivi 2019', 2024). At or above 110: grade 4/4.
Unemployment rate: 5 % of the labour force (Comune di Milano (Ufficio Statistica) / ISTAT, Rilevazione sulle Forze di Lavoro, 2024). At or below 5: grade 4/4.

Weakest

Green space: 13.8 % of the urban area that is green or tree-covered (Istat via Openpolis, 2021). Between 10 and 20: grade 1/4.
Tourism crisis and recovery plan: Crisis communication only, ad hoc (Comune di Milano - Assessorato al Turismo & YesMilano, 2024–2026). Grade 1/4.
Nights in the three busiest months: 35.4 % of annual nights (country figure) (World Economic Forum, TTDI 2026 (data: UN Tourism by United Nations World Tourism Organization), 2024, 2025 moving average). Between 35 and 40: grade 2/4.

Italy in the World Economic Forum Travel & Tourism Development Index

Italy is #10 of 110 countries (4.93 of 7) in the WEF Travel & Tourism Development Index 2026, which scores countries, not cities. Cities in countries with that WEF score average 67 on the CIRA Index; Milan is 1 above that.

Every measure, by theme

Demand and seasonality: 71

Nights in the three busiest months: 35.4 % of annual nights (country figure) (World Economic Forum, TTDI 2026 (data: UN Tourism by United Nations World Tourism Organization), 2024, 2025 moving average). Between 35 and 40: grade 2/4. Source
Domestic share of nights: 29.2 % of nights by residents of the same country (metro figure) (Eurostat, Nights spent at tourist accommodation establishments by NUTS 3 region (tour_occ_nin3), 2024). Between 25 and 35: grade 2/4. Source
Largest foreign market: 9.5 % of international arrivals or nights (Assolombarda, Osservatorio Turismo 2025 (su dati Questura di Milano), 2024). At or below 15: grade 4/4. Source
Recovery against 2019: 112.8 % of 2019 visitor nights reached in the latest full year (Istat, '2024: nuovo anno record per il turismo in Italia' & 'Movimento dei clienti negli esercizi ricettivi 2019', 2024). At or above 110: grade 4/4. Source
Average length of stay: 2.2 nights per visitor (Istat via Pagella Politica, 2024). Between 2.2 and 2.8: grade 2/4. Source
Hotel bed or room occupancy: 70 % average annual occupancy (Centro Studi Assolombarda, Osservatorio Turismo 2025 (elaborazioni su dati Istat e Confindustria Alberghi), 2024). Between 65 and 75: grade 3/4. Source

Economy and jobs: 92

Jobs in tourism industries: 9 % of employment in accommodation and food services (country figure) (World Economic Forum, TTDI 2026 (data: Travel & Tourism Economic Impact Research by World Travel & Tourism Council; Travel & Tourism by World Travel & Tourism Council), 2026). Between 8 and 12: grade 3/4. Source
Unemployment rate: 5 % of the labour force (Comune di Milano (Ufficio Statistica) / ISTAT, Rilevazione sulle Forze di Lavoro, 2024). At or below 5: grade 4/4. Source
Income per head: 77,534 GDP per capita, USD PPP (metro figure) (OECD Metropolitan Areas Database via OECD Functional Urban Areas, 2021). At or above 60,000: grade 4/4. Source
Economic diversity: not measured yet

Climate and hazards: 65

Extreme heat days: 5.2 days a year at or above 35°C (last 5 full years) (ERA5 reanalysis via Open-Meteo, 2021–2025). Between 5 and 15: grade 3/4. Source
Tropical nights: 44.8 nights a year with a minimum at or above 20°C (last 5 full years) (ERA5 reanalysis via Open-Meteo, 2021–2025). Between 30 and 60: grade 2/4. Source
Flood hazard: low (region figure) (World Bank GFDRR ThinkHazard, current (retrieved 2026)). Grade 3/4. Source
Wildfire and storm hazard: medium (region figure) (World Bank GFDRR ThinkHazard, current (retrieved 2026)). Grade 2/4. Source
Country disaster risk: 3.1 INFORM Risk index, 0–10 (country figure) (INFORM Risk (European Commission JRC), INFORM Risk Mid 2026, 2026). Between 2 and 3.5: grade 3/4. Source

Water and environment: 63

Water scarcity: low (region figure) (World Bank GFDRR ThinkHazard, current (retrieved 2026)). Grade 3/4. Source
Wastewater safely treated: 100 % of domestic wastewater safely treated (MM S.p.A. & Legambiente, Ecosistema Urbano, 2023). At or above 95: grade 4/4. Source
Municipal waste per resident: 467.2 kg per resident per year (metro figure) (ARPA Lombardia, Osservatorio Regionale Rifiuti, 2024). Between 450 and 550: grade 2/4. Source
Green space: 13.8 % of the urban area that is green or tree-covered (Istat via Openpolis, 2021). Between 10 and 20: grade 1/4. Source

Community and housing: 67

Tourism intensity: 10.1 visitor nights per resident per year (ISTAT (I flussi turistici - Anno 2024) and Comune di Milano (Portale del Dato), 2024). Between 10 and 20: grade 2/4. Source
Cruise pressure: not measured yet
Rent growth: -1.4 % change in rents over the last 12 months (Idealista, August 2025 – August 2026). At or below 3: grade 4/4. Source
Short-let density: 2 short-term rental listings per 100 dwellings (Sky TG24 / Centro Studi Aigab & AirDNA, 'Stretta Ue sugli affitti brevi, quante sono le case usate per le locazioni in Italia', August 2026). Between 1 and 2: grade 2/4. Source
Resident support for tourism: not measured yet

Access and continuity: 67

Access redundancy: 3 independent ways in: international airport, intercity rail, port, motorway (Comune di Milano / ENAC / RFI, 2026). Between 3 and 4: grade 3/4. Source
Air traffic recovery: not measured yet
Rail share of intercity access: not measured yet
Rail traffic recovery: not measured yet
Largest airline group share: not measured yet
Air route concentration: not measured yet
Early warning and emergency plan: An updated city plan with public early warning for heat, flood or fire (Comune di Milano, Protezione Civile, 2025–2026). Grade 3/4. Source
Tourism crisis and recovery plan: Crisis communication only, ad hoc (Comune di Milano - Assessorato al Turismo & YesMilano, 2024–2026). Grade 1/4. Source
Government effectiveness: 77.8 World Bank WGI percentile rank, 0–100 (country figure) (World Bank Worldwide Governance Indicators, 2025). Between 60 and 80: grade 3/4. Source
Travel advisory: 2 stricter of the US and Canadian government advisory for the country, 1 (normal precautions) to 4 (do not travel) (country figure) (US State Department and Government of Canada travel advisories, 2026-09-29). Between 1 and 2: grade 3/4. Source
Dedicated tourism funding: A dedicated source partly ring-fenced for residents, infrastructure or sustainability (Comune di Milano, Regolamento dell'Imposta Comunale di Soggiorno nella Città di Milano, 2026). Grade 3/4. Source

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