Amsterdam vs Milan

Milan leads Amsterdam by 1 points on the CIRA Index, 68 to 67. Amsterdam grades better on 8 measures, Milan on 8; the same 35 measures from public sources for both.

Scores by each organisation's criteria

• CIRA Index: Amsterdam 67, Milan 68
• OECD: Amsterdam 66, Milan 69
• UN Tourism: Amsterdam 70, Milan 69
• UNDRR: Amsterdam 61, Milan 69

Theme by theme

• Demand and seasonality: Amsterdam 67, Milan 71
• Economy and jobs: Amsterdam 83, Milan 92
• Climate and hazards: Amsterdam 70, Milan 65
• Water and environment: Amsterdam 69, Milan 63
• Community and housing: Amsterdam 38, Milan 67
• Access and continuity: Amsterdam 75, Milan 67

Where Amsterdam is stronger

• Nights in the three busiest months: 33.4 % of annual nights (country figure) (World Economic Forum, TTDI 2026 (data: UN Tourism by United Nations World Tourism Organization), 2024, 2025 moving average). Between 30 and 35: grade 3/4.
• Hotel bed or room occupancy: 80.7 % average annual occupancy (metro figure) (Horwath HTL / Koninklijke Horeca Nederland (HOSTA 2026), 2025). At or above 75: grade 4/4.
• Extreme heat days: 0 days a year at or above 35°C (last 5 full years) (ERA5 reanalysis via Open-Meteo, 2021–2025). At or below 5: grade 4/4.
• Tropical nights: 0.2 nights a year with a minimum at or above 20°C (last 5 full years) (ERA5 reanalysis via Open-Meteo, 2021–2025). At or below 10: grade 4/4.
• Municipal waste per resident: 356.3 kg per resident per year (Centraal Bureau voor de Statistiek (CBS) StatLine, 2024). Between 350 and 450: grade 3/4.
• Green space: 28 % of the urban area that is green or tree-covered (Husqvarna Urban Green Space Index (HUGSI), 2024). Between 20 and 30: grade 2/4.
• Access redundancy: 4 independent ways in: international airport, intercity rail, port, motorway (metro figure) (Port of Amsterdam / Amsterdam Airport Schiphol / NS International / Rijkswaterstaat, 2026). At or above 4: grade 4/4.
• Government effectiveness: 94.8 World Bank WGI percentile rank, 0–100 (country figure) (World Bank Worldwide Governance Indicators, 2025). At or above 80: grade 4/4.

Where Milan is stronger

• Domestic share of nights: 29.2 % of nights by residents of the same country (metro figure) (Eurostat, Nights spent at tourist accommodation establishments by NUTS 3 region (tour_occ_nin3), 2024). Between 25 and 35: grade 2/4.
• Largest foreign market: 9.5 % of international arrivals or nights (Assolombarda, Osservatorio Turismo 2025 (su dati Questura di Milano), 2024). At or below 15: grade 4/4.
• Recovery against 2019: 112.8 % of 2019 visitor nights reached in the latest full year (Istat, '2024: nuovo anno record per il turismo in Italia' & 'Movimento dei clienti negli esercizi ricettivi 2019', 2024). At or above 110: grade 4/4.
• Unemployment rate: 5 % of the labour force (Comune di Milano (Ufficio Statistica) / ISTAT, Rilevazione sulle Forze di Lavoro, 2024). At or below 5: grade 4/4.
• Flood hazard: low (region figure) (World Bank GFDRR ThinkHazard, current (retrieved 2026)). Grade 3/4.
• Water scarcity: low (region figure) (World Bank GFDRR ThinkHazard, current (retrieved 2026)). Grade 3/4.
• Tourism intensity: 10.1 visitor nights per resident per year (ISTAT (I flussi turistici - Anno 2024) and Comune di Milano (Portale del Dato), 2024). Between 10 and 20: grade 2/4.
• Short-let density: 2 short-term rental listings per 100 dwellings (Sky TG24 / Centro Studi Aigab & AirDNA, 'Stretta Ue sugli affitti brevi, quante sono le case usate per le locazioni in Italia', August 2026). Between 1 and 2: grade 2/4.

Country context (World Economic Forum)

• Netherlands: #17 of 110 in the WEF Travel & Tourism Development Index 2026
• Italy: #10 of 110 in the WEF Travel & Tourism Development Index 2026

Amsterdam in full · Milan in full

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