Florence vs Milan

Milan leads Florence by 10 points on the CIRA Index, 68 to 58. Florence grades better on 3 measures, Milan on 10; the same 35 measures from public sources for both.

Scores by each organisation's criteria

• CIRA Index: Florence 58, Milan 68
• OECD: Florence 58, Milan 69
• UN Tourism: Florence 61, Milan 69
• UNDRR: Florence 56, Milan 69

Theme by theme

• Demand and seasonality: Florence 54, Milan 71
• Economy and jobs: Florence 92, Milan 92
• Climate and hazards: Florence 55, Milan 65
• Water and environment: Florence 56, Milan 63
• Community and housing: Florence 42, Milan 67
• Access and continuity: Florence 63, Milan 67

Where Florence is stronger

• Nights in the three busiest months: 34.6 % of annual nights (metro figure) (Città Metropolitana di Firenze, Statistica del Turismo - Movimento Turistico, 2023). Between 30 and 35: grade 3/4.
• Hotel bed or room occupancy: 76.3 % average annual occupancy (Italian Hotel Monitor (Trademark Italia) via GuidaViaggi, 2024). At or above 75: grade 4/4.
• Tropical nights: 28.2 nights a year with a minimum at or above 20°C (last 5 full years) (ERA5 reanalysis via Open-Meteo, 2021–2025). Between 10 and 30: grade 3/4.

Where Milan is stronger

• Domestic share of nights: 29.2 % of nights by residents of the same country (metro figure) (Eurostat, Nights spent at tourist accommodation establishments by NUTS 3 region (tour_occ_nin3), 2024). Between 25 and 35: grade 2/4.
• Largest foreign market: 9.5 % of international arrivals or nights (Assolombarda, Osservatorio Turismo 2025 (su dati Questura di Milano), 2024). At or below 15: grade 4/4.
• Recovery against 2019: 112.8 % of 2019 visitor nights reached in the latest full year (Istat, '2024: nuovo anno record per il turismo in Italia' & 'Movimento dei clienti negli esercizi ricettivi 2019', 2024). At or above 110: grade 4/4.
• Extreme heat days: 5.2 days a year at or above 35°C (last 5 full years) (ERA5 reanalysis via Open-Meteo, 2021–2025). Between 5 and 15: grade 3/4.
• Flood hazard: low (region figure) (World Bank GFDRR ThinkHazard, current (retrieved 2026)). Grade 3/4.
• Wildfire and storm hazard: medium (region figure) (World Bank GFDRR ThinkHazard, current (retrieved 2026)). Grade 2/4.
• Municipal waste per resident: 467.2 kg per resident per year (metro figure) (ARPA Lombardia, Osservatorio Regionale Rifiuti, 2024). Between 450 and 550: grade 2/4.
• Tourism intensity: 10.1 visitor nights per resident per year (ISTAT (I flussi turistici - Anno 2024) and Comune di Milano (Portale del Dato), 2024). Between 10 and 20: grade 2/4.
• Short-let density: 2 short-term rental listings per 100 dwellings (Sky TG24 / Centro Studi Aigab & AirDNA, 'Stretta Ue sugli affitti brevi, quante sono le case usate per le locazioni in Italia', August 2026). Between 1 and 2: grade 2/4.
• Tourism crisis and recovery plan: Crisis communication only, ad hoc (Comune di Milano - Assessorato al Turismo & YesMilano, 2024–2026). Grade 1/4.

Country context (World Economic Forum)

• Italy: #10 of 110 in the WEF Travel & Tourism Development Index 2026
• Italy: #10 of 110 in the WEF Travel & Tourism Development Index 2026

Florence in full · Milan in full

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